The systematic spreite, the marginal tube and the central shaft that characterise Zoophycus isp are not recognised. Thus, this unbranched string of active-filling menisci is correlated to Compaginatichnus (Pickerill, Reference Pickerill 1989). Figure 11 Polished surface of grey siliceous claystone cut perpendicular to bedding plane, Gripps Cleuch. A burrow tunnel …[Photo of Zoophycus trace fossil]. F) Zoophycus trace fossils in float (examples can be found at stop 3, but this photograph was taken west of of Cotton Lake).The siliciclastic, up to 4,000 m thick Upper Triassic–Bajocian Shemshak Formation is widespread across the Iran Plate, especially in the Alborz Mountains of northern Iran. In contrast to its lower, generally non-marine part, the upper part is marine. Based on the Tazareh section of the eastern Alborz, an integrated analysis of this marine …Kotake, N. 1992 07 15: Deep-sea echiurans: possible producers of Zoophycos. The trace fossil Zoophycos in the upper Pliocene deep-sea deposits (Shiramazu Formation) distributed in the southernmost pa...Neonereites, Zoophycos, Phycosiphon and Helminthopsis belong to the Zoophycos ichnofacies. A systematic description of these trace-fossils is outlined below: Ichnogenus: Arenicolites Salter [20] Diagnosis: Commonly an unbranched U-shaped burrow, with or without burrow lining and it is passively-filled [21].including: Zoophycos at Section 2, 82-87 cm, Section 3, 38-50 cm, Section 4,120 cm; Skolithos at Section 2 10-12 cm' Chondrities at Section 6, 80 cm; Rind burrows at Section 2 , 140 cm Section 3 57 cm and 135 cm, Section 4, 44 cm, and Section 6, 3 cm. BANDING CONTRAST: High. 853B-4H 1 10 20 30 40 Susceptibility (instrument units)Paleontological survey in the remote Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve in Alaska led to the discovery of lobed Zoophycos from the lower Tahkandit Limestone (informally named Sandstone unit), an interval characterized by grayish-green glauconitic sandstone and conglomerate of coastal origin. The studied Zoophycos consists of a lobate skirt-like spreite bounded by a marginal tube.La distribution des Zoophycos du secteur étudié est bien inégale quantitativement, et dépend largement aux facteurs paléo-écologiques qui régnaient dans le milieu. Cette différentiation ...El icnogénero Zoophycos y su valor sedimentológico y paleoambiental. January 1987. Authors: Jose Carlos Garcia-Ramos. Museo del Jurasico de Asturias. Marta Valenzuela. University of Oviedo. C ...Jun 1, 2021 · The ichnogenus Zoophycos is relatively rare in Cambrian-age sedimentary rocks, being far more commonly encountered in post-Devonian, and particularly post-Paleozoic, strata. A new occurrence of Zoophycos from the Upper Cambrian Gallatin Formation of the Bighorn Mountains, north-central Wyoming, USA, is reported herein. Material consists of a ... (2016). Trace Fossils Assemblages from the Cenozoic "Flysch Units" of the Campo de Gibraltar Complex (Southern Spain) Ichnos: Vol. 23, Part 1: Curious Mind: A Celebration of the Extraordinary Life and Ichnological Contributions of Adolf "Dolf" Seilacher (1925-2014), pp. 53-70.Size increase of Zoophycos upwards in the section may indicate that environment became less stressed, shallower and likely had a higher nutrient content or alternatively there was a change in the ...combination of Skolithos, Cruziana, mixed Skolithos-Cruziana, and rare Zoophycus ichnofacies. Combined lithofacies and ichnofacies observations suggest that paleoenvironments of the Katz Field included a bayhead delta, back-barrier estuary-The lower 24 m of strata consist of interbedded pale-gray limestones and white cherts that are intensely burrowed by Zoophycos. Brachiopods, including Costinifera arctica, Megousia weyprechti, Spiriferella sp., and Rhynchopora sp., are common in both lithologies (Fig. 5A; Table 1), and bryozoans are seen on some limestone bedding surfaces.Zoophycos is best developed in fine-grained sediments. In opposition to the Jurassic examples of southeastern France, this sediment must have still been soft, never slightly firm, when colonized. In addition, the abundance of Zoophycos at the top of locally frequent storm deposits could indicate a fairly opportunistic behavior.Download scientific diagram | Thalassinoides, Zoophycus and Planolites, common burrow systems preserved at horizons within the Chalk; Thalassinoides is probably the work of a crustacean. Chapter. Mar 2017. Atlas of Trace Fossils in Well Core. Dirk Knaust. Ichnology is the study of traces produced by organisms (animals, plants and microbes) on or within a substrate. It deals with ...In addition to the Zoophycos with a tongue-like lamina/spreiten described by Pazos et al. (2015a), other specimens were registered in the Locality 1. Specimens with lunate and more circular laminae were also found (Fig. 8 E). Most Zoophycos are horizontally oriented and preserved on the upper surface of both mudstone and sandstone beds. Their ...In this study, we focused on the definition of behavioral complexity in the trace fossil Zoophycos to explore its paleo-environmental significance.Flat spiral form of Zoophycos from Bluefield outer shelf facies (photo by T. Bjerstedt, 1984). Appendix Figure 10.3-3 shows the Zoophycos helical style most typical of the ichnogenus.Request PDF | On Dec 1, 2015, David Gallego-Torres and others published Pyrite framboid size distribution as a record for relative variations in sedimentation rate: An example on the Toarcian ...Zoophycos is one of the most common but enigmatic trace fossils, ranging from the Cambrian to the Holocene (Jensen, 1997;Olivero, 2003;Knaust, 2004;Löwemark et al., 2004;Zhang et al., 2015a;Zhang ...The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties.Zoophycos. Zoophycos. Antonio Samuel David. Paleontologia - Icnofacies. See Full PDF Download PDF. See Full PDF ...Zoophycos is a well-known trace fossil common throughout the Phanerozoic. Paleozoic forms show important differences in morphology and habitat distribution with respect to the Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Cenozoic ones. Therefore, Early–Middle Triassic is considered a crucial time-span for the understanding of the evolution of this trace fossil. Trace fossils include burrows (such as Chondrites), borings, ichnites (footprints and track marks), Zoophycus feeding marks, trails (such as Cruziana scratched by trilobites), coprolites (fossilized droppings) and other gut-derived objects, and rhizoliths or rhizocretions (the fossil remains of roots).Feeding traces (Fodinichnia) Trace fossil: Zoophycus by Digital Atlas of Ancient Life on Sketchfab. Trace fossil (or, ichnofossil) specimen of Zoophycus (locality information unknown). Specimen is from the collections of the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. Maximum dimension of specimen is approximately 15 cm.Zoophycos isp. is a very complex trace fossil, with a wide variety of morphologies (Bromley, 1996; Knaust, 2009; Werner, 1981, Löwemark andSchäfer, 2003;Olivero, 2007;Löwemark, 2012). It ...Trace fossils provide valuable palaeoenvironmental information in hemipelagic settings. This is particularly true in the case of Zoophycos, an easily recognizable trace fossil in core. At IODP site U1385, Zoophycos was found throughout an interval representing 1.5 Ma, covering 45 glacial-interglacial cycles mediated by obliquity (41 ka) and short‐term eccentricity (100 ka). Zoophycos is ...Nov 30, 2015 · Zoophycos is a characteristic trace fossil in the Mississippian in the Alborz Basin deposits of north Iran, and is described for the first time in the Mobarak Formation. The vertical distribution ... The dominance of lutitic components indicates low-energy conditions with background sedimentation. Changing Eh-conditions are reflected by changing color and ichnofabrics which highlight strong variations between well oxygenated outer ramp environments (Zoophycus, Thalassinoides) and less well oxygenated conditions (Chondrites).El icnogénero Zoophycos y su valor sedimentológico y paleoambiental. January 1987. Authors: Jose Carlos Garcia-Ramos. Museo del Jurasico de Asturias. Marta Valenzuela. University of Oviedo. C ...Zoophycos from both regions consists of planar spreite with major and minor lamellae and a cylindrical tunnel interpreted as a marginal tube and ⁄ or axial shaft. The cylindrical tunnel is herein considered to be an essential component of Zoophycos, and thus can be used to define and characterize the morphological variability of Zoophycos. ...Zoophycus, a feeding structure, is characterized by concave-upward traces with whorled peaks, and is best seen in slabs cut perpendicular to bedding. Thalassinoides is a dwelling structure characterized by a box-work burrow system and is best seen in cores cut parallel to bedding. This assemblage is restricted to a facies that is laterally ...Zoophycus (trace fossil). Ichnogenus: Zoophycus. Skolithos (trace fossil). Ichnogenus: Skolithos. Concretion (pseudofossil) · Cut concretion (pseudofossil) ...Trace fossils provide valuable palaeoenvironmental information in hemipelagic settings. This is particularly true in the case of Zoophycos, an easily recognizable trace fossil in core. At IODP site U1385, Zoophycos was found throughout an interval representing 1.5 Ma, covering 45 glacial-interglacial cycles mediated by obliquity (41 ka) and short‐term eccentricity (100 ka). Zoophycos is ...Download scientific diagram | 33 Evolution of Zoophycos (based on Seilacher 1977 and Chamberlain 2000 ). ( a ) Basic, protrusive "rooster tail"-shaped spreite, which occurred in the Palaeozoic and ...Introduction. The Zoophycos ichnofacies is frequently debated and discussed in the ichnological literature (cf. MacEachern et al., 2007a, MacEachern et al., 2007b). In general, this ichnofacies shows low ichnodiversity or even a monospecific arrangement, it is dominated by trace fossils belonging to the ethological class fodinichnia, consisting of both simple and complex burrows, and of trace ...The Zoophycos ichnofacies ideally is found in circalittoral to bathyal, quiet-water marine muds or muddy sands, below the storm wave base, particularly in shelfal to slope areas (MacEachern et al., 2007, MacEachern et al., 2012; Buatois and Mángano, 2011, Fig. 12). Settings are generally free of turbidity flows and subject to oxygen deficiencies.Zoophycos ichnofacies. Chondrites and Zoophycos in the Mélah Formation were made by unknown worm-like invertebrates in a deeper offshore or a shallow bathyal environment (below storm weather wave base) and may indicate oxygen depletion within the sediment. Key words: trace fossils, Zoophycos, Chondrites, deep offshore, Aalenian, Bajocian ...Oct 9, 2015 · In the Cenozoic, Zoophycos took the shape of complex, irregular skirt-like spreiten in several whorls with many long marginal lobes and alternating primary and secondary lamellae (such as Zoophycos insignis 18, Zoophycos rhodensis 4) (Fig. 2o–s), which are largely preserved in the upper part of sandy turbidites, silty turbidites or deep-sea ... Example of tiering styles B and C. The uppermost tier is composed of Paleophycus (Pa) and Thallasinoides (Th). The middle tier contains Zoophycos (Zo), Rhizocorallium (Rh), and Ophiomorpha (Op).The Middle-to-Upper Permian in the Kuh-e Gakhum anticline (southeastern Iran) has rarely been studied due to its structural complexity and the difficult access. Rich Permian fusulinid assemblages varying in age from Wordian to Changhsingian were found in a thick carbonate succession corresponding to the Dalan Formation. Three new species …Zoophycos occurs usually in deepsea sediments beginning by the Jurassic (Bromley, 1990;Seilacher, 2007;Zhang et al., 2015), but is also found in shallower marine deposits in the German Triassic ...The trace fossil Zoophycos is abundant in transgressive, shallow marine carbonates in the Middle Permian (Wordian) Khuff Formation of the Huqf-Haushi Uplift of Interior Oman. It often occurs as part of a complex (compound) trace fossil that comprises two integrated elements: (i) irregular galleries with straight to gently curved tunnels and interconnected shafts, and (ii) simple planar to ...Zoophycos, and thus of the Zoophycos ichnofacies in Pa-leozoic shallow water deposits, is difficult to explain as resulting only from occasional breakdown in the correla-tion between depth and primary distributional controls. Thus 2) also appears to be untenable. Whether or not the Zoophycos ichnofacies concept can be applied to the Pa-The systematic spreite, the marginal tube and the central shaft that characterise Zoophycus isp are not recognised. Thus, this unbranched string of active-filling menisci is correlated to Compaginatichnus (Pickerill, Reference Pickerill 1989). Figure 11 Polished surface of grey siliceous claystone cut perpendicular to bedding plane, Gripps Cleuch. A burrow tunnel …A nice representation of the 3-dimensionality of spreite radiating about a central vertical burrow in Zoophycus, Permian, Canon Fiord Fm, Ellesmere Island. Early Miocene Zoophycus from basal Waitemata Basin mudstone (turbidite d,e interval), Matheson's Bay, NZ. Two examples of Scolicia. Left: basin floor fan ...Zoophycus, a feeding structure, is characterized by concave-upward traces with whorled peaks, and is best seen in slabs cut perpendicular to bedding. Thalassinoides is a dwelling structure characterized by a box-work burrow system and is best seen in cores cut parallel to bedding.Four Zoophycos morphotypes are recognized at Gubbio showing variations of major and minor lamellae, apex, lobes and whorls: the Cretaceous-Eocene cone-shaped type 1, the Upper Eocene-Middle ...Zoophycos was only found in two cores taken at more than 2 km water depth on the slope of the Lomonosov Ridge, but was absent in cores obtained at shallower depth, confirming earlier observations of the trace maker's bathymetric preferences. The two cores containing Zoophycos are characterized by quiet sedimentation and slightly enhanced food ...Proses diagenesa merupakan salah satu hal yang penting dalam batuan sedimen. Salah satu bagian dalam diagenesa batuan sedimen adalah proses reworking butiran sedimen oleh organisme, atau yang dikenal sebagai proses bioturbasi yang menghasilkan fosil jejak.When Zoophycos occurs associated with Phycosiphon and Chondrites in low-diverse and low-bioturbated context, it represents dysoxic substrates, precluding colonization by other tracemakers. In contrary, when Zoophycos is part of a more diverse suite (e.g., Asterosoma-Zoophycos or Asterosoma-Teichichnus ichnofabrics), it represents. AcknowledgmentsZoophycos, a complex spreiten structure with two basic forms (helicoidal and planar!), occurs through most of the Phanerozoic (Fig. O. Our oldest Zoophycos data point (480-490B) is fromNov 30, 2015 · Zoophycos is a characteristic trace fossil in the Mississippian in the Alborz Basin deposits of north Iran, and is described for the first time in the Mobarak Formation. The vertical distribution ... . 1 Des 2009 ... Werner (2001), Dating errors in high-resolution stratigraphy: A detailed X-ray radiograph and AMS 14C study of Zoophycus burrows, Mar. Geol ...Thalassinoides dan Zoophycus. Duapuluh satu dari semua iknotaksa tersebut adalah dominan yang menyusun unit iknofabrik. Akibatnya, 21 asosiasi iknofosil.In this study, we focused on the definition of behavioral complexity in the trace fossil Zoophycos to explore its paleo-environmental significance.Named by. Cummings. Year defined. 1922 [6] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Borden Formation. The Mississippian Borden Formation is a mapped bedrock unit in Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, West Virginia, [7] and Tennessee. It has many members, which has led some geologists to consider it a group (for example in Indiana [8]) rather …Producers of Zoophycos traces are observed to be more dominant in the shelf and slope environments; but are found ubiquitously, and considered to have tolerated variable water depths, substrate grain sizes, food resources, energy levels and dissolved oxygen content. Nereites ichnofacies is characterized by abundant and variable intricate ...Zoophycos: upward or downward construction; r-selected or K-selected strategists. Zoophycos producer started its activity on muddy substrates rich in nutrients by developing a single protrusive spreiten (U- or J-shaped). Afterward, it continued its activity either upward or downward, depending on environmental conditions, to reach to a nutrient ...Only the shallowest waters provided better oxygenated settings and a refuge from the widespread, inimical conditions of the Early Triassic (Wignall et al., 1998; Beatty et al., 2008; Knaust, 2010; Chen et al., 2011; Song et al., 2013; Proemse et al. 2013).MISSs are rarely reported from such environments indicating their poor preservation potential, …It is demonstrated that the Zoophycos‐producers from the complex types of Zoophycos in storm sequences were opportunistic organisms (r‐strategists). This study reveals storm‐generated physical and biogenic structures and textures and provides a good ichnological method to identify storm deposits.Zoophycus, a feeding structure, is characterized by concave-upward traces with whorled peaks, and is best seen in slabs cut perpendicular to bedding. Thalassinoides is a dwelling structure characterized by a box-work burrow system and is best seen in cores cut parallel to bedding. zoophycus - zoo - oilfield abbreviation and dictionary, oil & gas industry abbreviation source, boe definition, bbl, drilling, reservoir engineering, production technology, unit converter, Acronym , PetroBasics,Petroleum Engineering Database including abbreviations and dictionary.Zoophycos is a helical feeding trace fossil – the signature of some critter systematically mining the mud in its vicinity for digestible organic content. This outcrop is really great, and I hope to share a GigaPan version of it with you soon. A morning's field trip yields an outcrop of excellent Zoophycos trace fossils in southern Fort Valley ...Producers of Zoophycos traces are observed to be more dominant in the shelf and slope environments; but are found ubiquitously, and considered to have tolerated variable water depths, substrate grain sizes, food resources, energy levels and dissolved oxygen content. Nereites ichnofacies is characterized by abundant and variable intricate ...Trace fossil Zoophycus on the bedding plane of a bioclastic wackestone at ~76.4 m. F. Intraclastic floatstone with subangular lime mudstone intraclasts at ~63.2. G. Bioclastic rudstone at −4.85 m, containing various corals and a brachiopod shell with a boring (arrow). H. Stromatolite with undulatory laminae at ~119.7 m. I. Coral bafflestone …Zoophycos ichnofacies was associated with chalky calcilutite sediment, interpreted as calcareous muddy contourites deposited during low-energy conditions (Hüneke et al., 2020). Increased energy in the environment led to a shift toward the first sandy contouritic facies and the establishment of the distal Cruziana ichnofacies with predominant ... 8 Jun 2023 ... At the site, the following ichnofossils were also described: Planolites sp., Paleophycus sp., Bergaueria sp., and Zoophycus sp., common in ...Zoophycos is an enigmatic and complex ichnogenus (Olivero, 2007). In South America, some mid-Palaeozoic Zoophycos are found in the Silurian of Argentina (Aceñolaza, 1978, Astini and Marengo, 2006) and the Devonian of Bolivia and Brazil (e.g., Campanha, 1985, Assis, 2001, Gaillard and Reabeauchef, 2006), all from shelf deposits. 4.2.tions. This is the case for Zoophycos, one of most im-portant spreite structures in deep-sea sediments, which are easily recognizable in core. However, although this trace fossil has been intensely studied, the paleoenvi-ronmental significance and interpretation of environ-mental conditions of the Zoophycos tracemakers re-main controversial.Figure F21. Close-up photograph of Zoophycos burrows (interval 206-1256B-5H-6, 0-20 cm).Zoophycos burrows (interval 206-1256B-5H-6, 0-20 cm).Zoophycos is found off NW Africa in water depths > 2,000 m, in sediments with C org contents of 0.3–1.8%. It is possible to recognize in the core sections all of the …zoogeography The study of the geographical distributions of animals. The earth can be divided into several faunal regions separated by natural barriers, such as oceans, deserts, and mountain ranges. The characteristics of the fauna of each region are believed to depend particularly (but not wholly) on the process of continental drift and the …Zoophycos is one of the most complex, enigmatic and widespread trace fossils in Phanerozoic marine environments 1,2,3,4,5. Zoophycos was initially named as a plant genus by Massalongo 6,7.Since then, several morphological types, like J- or U-forms 2, and ethologies, such as surface detritus-feeding 8, refuse dump 4,9, cache 4,10, deposit-feeding 2,11,12, and gardening 5,9, have been proposed ...Zoophycos probable producer Zoophycos as described in the Lower Devonian of South China belongs to a morphological group that is common in Palaeozoic strata (Vanuxem 1842;Seilacher 1983;Bhargava ...the Zoophycos Ichnofacies for subtidal, low-e nergy, silty, and muddy marine con-ditions (Fig. 4); and the Nereites Ichnofacies for subtidal, very low-energy silty to.@article{osti_5953635, title = {Trace fossils of Marnoso-Arenacea Formation (Miocene), northern Italy: preliminary data}, author = {McBride, E F and Picard, M D}, abstractNote = {Many horizons in the Marnoso-arenacea Formation contain rare to abundant trace fossils at numerous localities. Slope, fan, and basin-plain deposits have trace fossils dominated by …Thalassinoides, Zoophycus and Planolites, common burrow systems preserved at horizons within the Chalk; Thalassinoides is probably the work of a crustacean. (Photographs for Figs 17 and 18 kindly ...Zoophycos is one of the most complex, enigmatic and widespread trace fossils in Phanerozoic marine environments 1,2,3,4,5. Zoophycos was initially named as a plant genus by Massalongo 6,7.Since then, several morphological types, like J- or U-forms 2, and ethologies, such as surface detritus-feeding 8, refuse dump 4,9, cache 4,10, deposit-feeding 2,11,12, and gardening 5,9, have been proposed ...The Zoophycos structures illustrated in Fig. 2 resemble sections of "Banderkreide" from the Maastrichtian of north-westGermany (Yoigt and Hantzschel, 1956, pI. 15); the tty" structures from the Permian of Western Canada (McGugan, 1963, pI. 1, figs. 3-12);and the horizontal Zoophycos septa from the Lower Devonian of Maryland, U.S.A. (Seilacher ... Multina-Zoophycos and multi-tier Zoophycos ichnofabrics, representing vertical migration of benthic faunas in pace with either distal event deposition or steadily accreted sea floor. The colonisation window in the arc-related setting is closely related to sedimentation rates and frequency of depositional events, determining the completeness ...Download scientific diagram | Thalassinoides, Zoophycus and Planolites, common burrow systems preserved at horizons within the Chalk; Thalassinoides is probably the work of a crustacean. Quick Reference. With Chondrites, an ichnoguild of many-branched, radial, trace fossils probably made by a worm that moved back and forth through the sediment, each branch of its burrow exploring a new area. They are believed to be fodinichnia. From: zoophycus in A Dictionary of Earth Sciences ». Subjects: Science and technology — Earth ...Remarks: Zoophycos is the most complex and debated burrow in the fossil record regarding its high morphological variations (Wetzel and Werner, 1981), the nature and ethology of the producer (Lö ...BibTeX @MISC{Gong06permianzoophycos, author = {Yi-ming Gong and Guang R. Shi and Elizabeth A. Weldon and Yuan-sheng Du and Ran Xu}, title = {Permian Zoophycos spreiten from southeastern Australia}, year = {2006}}The Zoophycos ichnofacies and its main components, Zoophycos isp., Phycosiphon incertum and Chondrites isp. has been related to marine environments of low energy and oxygen. This situation is very common in shelf environments of the past, the most important oil source rocks and/or unconventional reservoir. The Early Cretaceous Palermo Aike ...... Zoophycus burrows as a way-up criterion. Sedimen-tology, vol. 30, n° 2, 301-305, 5 fig., Oxford. PUMA F. (1975) -Ricerche biostratigrafiche sul Batoniano di ...Zoophycos. is a characteristic trace fossil in the Mississippian in the Alborz Basin deposits of north Iran, and is described for the first time in the Mobarak Formation. The vertical …Zoophycos is commonly reported from Palaeozoic strata deposited from nearshore to deep-sea environments, whereas in post-Palaeozoic stratait is generally reported only from rocks deposited in ...The Zoophycos group of trace fossils is common in Carboniferous to recent marine strata and sediments, and is a common component of ichnofaunas in the Visean and Namurian stages of England and Wales. A review of new and published records indicates that it is often present in limestones and sandstones of Chadian to Arnsbergian age. Thereafter it is less common, and restricted to clastic rocks.1 Introduction. The stable calcium (Ca) isotopic composition of marine carbonate archives (δ 44/40 Ca) was proposed to be an important palaeo-environmental and palaeo-oceanographic proxy, mainly because of the linkage between the Ca and C geochemical cycles. The continental weathering of Ca bearing carbonates and silicates is the main source of Ca to the ocean, while authigenic, biogenic and ...KF-9: Bioturbated mudstone to wackestone with commonly burrowed (such as Rhizocorallum and Zoophycus). KF-10: fossiliferous mudstone to skeletal wackestone often associated with fine bioclast debris such as echinoids, sponge spicules and small forams. KF-11: thrombolitic–stromatolitic boundstone with clotted fabric. Full size image.Thalassinoides dan Zoophycus. Duapuluh satu dari semua iknotaksa tersebut adalah dominan yang menyusun unit iknofabrik. Akibatnya, 21 asosiasi iknofosil.Zoophycos is a large and complex ichnofossil that commonly occurs in the Phanerozoic marine deposits (Webby 1969; Bottjer et al. 1988; Olivero 2003; Zhang et al. 2015). …